An illustration from the 1899 book by John Fraser, Round the world on a wheel
Fraser, John Foster. Round the World on a Wheel : Being the Narrative of a Bicycle Ride ... through Seventeen Countries and across Three Continents. London : Methuen & Co., 1907. http://archive.org/details/cu31924023252707. p 76
An illustration of the Europe-Asia border marker in the Ural Mountains, from Thomas Knox's 1871 book, Overland through Asia.
Knox, Thomas Wallace. Overland through Asia: Pictures of Siberian, Chinese, and Tartar Life. American publishing company, 1871. p 574
Heat Map of "Europe-Asia" border regions in 19th century and post-1991 travelogues.
A heat map generated by mapping all of the points where English-language travelers identified a border or borderland between Europe and Asia or East and West. The Caucasus (especially Tbilisi), the Balkans (especially Bosnia) and the Volga/Ural region (especially Orenburg) were the most common locations.
A schematic representation of the world as Herodotus saw it.
Great Britain, Challenger Office. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76. New York:
Route of Between East and West: Across the Borderlands of Europe
The route map used by Anne Applebaum in her book Between East and West: Across the Borderlands of Europe
Applebaum, Anne. Between East and West: Across the Borderlands of Europe. Pantheon Books, 1994.
The route followed by Robert Kaplan in his book Eastward to Tartary
Kaplan, Robert D. Eastward to Tartary: Travels in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Caucasus. Random House, 2000.
View on River Sava, looking from Slavonian Brood to the Bosnian Shore.
An illustration from Arthur Evans's 1877 book, Through Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot During the Insurrection, August and September 1875
Evans, Sir Arthur. Through Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot During the Insurrection, August and September 1875: With an Historical Review of Bosnia, and a Glimpse at the Croats, Slavonians, and the Ancient Republic of Ragusa. Longmans, Green, 1877. p 88
Word clouds generated by analyzing language used by travelers describing the experience of a border or borderland between Europe and Asia.