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                <text>PIPELINES</text>
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                <text>One Direction different from road or rail. Sabotage.</text>
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                <text>This map documents the major oil and gas pipelines in Central Asia that supply China with her unceasing demand for energy resources. </text>
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                <text>This map displays the route of the Turkmenistan-China Gas Pipeline and identifies some of the major nodes (capital cities and managerial hubs) along the length of the pipeline. The chart in the bottom left-hand corner shows the dominant environmental landscapes through which the pipeline passes: desert, mountain, piedmont and steppe. </text>
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                <text>The "Silk Road Economic Belt" and "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" is a new initiative by the Chinese Government to bolster trade across Asia, Europe and Africa. Whereas the "Maritime Silk Road" passes from Southern China through Western Asia, the Middle East and East Africa, the "Silk Road Economic Belt" transits through Northwestern China and Central Asia to reach Turkey and, ultimately, Continental Europe. &#13;
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                <text>Zhendong, Pu, Zhao Yanrong, and Zheng Yangpeng. "State Councilor Urges Cooperation in Silk Road Projects." China Daily [Beijing] 11 Apr. 2014: n. pag. China Daily. 11 Apr. 2014. Web. 7 May 2015.</text>
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                <text>Under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, the Chinese Government established the "Silk Road Fund" to "...expand strategic trust through more opening up and connectivity." The fund entails a US$40 billion commitment on the part of China to improve connectivity between China and Central Asia. &#13;
&#13;
The Fund will support both "hard" and "soft" infrastructure. As President Xi announced at the Partner Dialogue: "Connectivity doesn’t just mean building bridges and roads. These are two dimensional links, single line connections. We must also have three dimensional connections, like infrastructure, institutional improvements, and people to people exchanges. We must advance Connectivity side by side, in five different areas: They are the coordination of policies, the connection of facilities unblocking trade, the free flow of capital, and people-to-people communication."</text>
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                <text>Bin, Han. "China Pledges 40 Bln US Dollars for Silk Road Fund." CCTV. N.p., 11 Aug. 2014. Web. 5 May 2015.</text>
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                <text>First envisioned in 2011 by the United States Department of State, the New Silk Road Initiative supports regional integration with a primary focus on building links between Afghanistan and neighboring countries. &#13;
&#13;
In remarks to the Jamestown Foundation, Lynne M. Tracy, Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Department of State's Bureau of South Asian and Central Asian Affairs, highlight the growth of transnational trade from and through Afghanistan: "So what are the key components of our New Silk Road vision? When we speak of a New Silk Road, we mean on the one hand physical connectivity – transport, communications, and energy infrastructure that links countries of the region together and links them with South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. On the other hand and equally important, we mean the practices, regulations, legislative bases, and international agreements in the areas of trade and transit that allow goods and services to flow efficiently from country to country across this infrastructure. The United States has invested significant resources and political capital in both of these components of the New Silk Road."</text>
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                <text>Tracy, Lynne M. "The United States and the New Silk Road." Proc. of U.S. Relations with Central Asia after 2014 and the New Silk Road: Regional Integration, Trade and Economic Prospects, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington DC. United States Department of State, 25 Oct. 2013. Web. 5 May 2015.</text>
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                <text>Eduljee, K.E. "Zoroastrian Heritage." Aryan Trade and Zoroastrianism. Silk Roads. Zoroastrian Heritage, n.d. Web. 07 May 2015. &lt;http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/aryans/trade.htm&gt;.</text>
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