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Nicholas Copernicus is heavily featured in Polish history of science and medicine, his greatest contribution is arguably formulating the hypothesis that the earth revolves around the sun.

Seconde partie de la carte d'Europe, contenant le Danemark et la Norwege, la Suede et la Russie (a l'exception de l'Ukraine). Publiee sous les auspices de Monseigneur Louis Philippe d'Orleans, Duc d'Orleans, Premier Prince du Sang. Par le Sr.…

This early map of the Caspian was published by Reiner Ottens in his appears in his Atlas maior (1720). This publication is primarily in Latin but contains notes in Dutch as well as place names in Greek, Russian, Persian, Arabic, and Turkish (in Latin…

This image shows the road networks featured in Abraham Maas's map "Nova Maris Caspii" as they radiate south along the Caspian from Astrakhan and into the Caucasus.

1 map, hand colored; 47 x 57 cm.
Relief shown pictorially. Depth shown by soundings. Covers portions of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran.
Includes notes and illustrations. "Cum Priv. S. C. M."

This is Isaac Maasa's 1735 map of the Caspian Sea, featuring the eastern shore, the Aral Sea and what were then the lands of the Uzbecks and Kalmykia on the northern edge of the Persian Empire.