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The isotropic grid of the classic polis was built on the –practical as well as conceptual- hippodamian grid, with via Egnatia as the basic structuring element. The grid reflecting the geometric and philosophic approach of the Pythagoreans, produced a…

This map of the Caspian was created by Guillaume Delised and was based on recent information collected by Carl Vanverden in 1719, 1720 and 1721 at the request of tsar Peter I. The first map of the Caspian based on relatively accurate observations of…

"‘Since the War’, Wilson reported, ‘a very great and widespread spirit of Nationalism has been introduced and fostered throughout the Middle East. . . Though the Company probably incurs less of this [jealousy] than the
political services do…

In 1933, an agreement was negotiated to increase the terms of the D’Arcy concession to 1994; however by 1951
said contract was annulled and the British were expelled from the Braim with riots which came to be known as
the Abadan Crisis. In October…

These houses which are designated for Senior European personnel were based on the 'bungalow' prototype which were set on large green lawns. They are typically surrounded by parks and gardens and each house was lined with English hedges. Unlike the…

The city of Bawarda was designed by James M. Wilson in 1926 and was inspired by Lutyens’s remodelling of the Garden City and City Beautiful ideas in New Delhi (1911–1940). Bawarda was an attempt at social and ethnic mixing and also offered larger…