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The city of Bawarda was designed by James M. Wilson in 1926 and was inspired by Lutyens’s remodelling of the Garden City and City Beautiful ideas in New Delhi (1911–1940). Bawarda was an attempt at social and ethnic mixing and also offered larger…

"‘Since the War’, Wilson reported, ‘a very great and widespread spirit of Nationalism has been introduced and fostered throughout the Middle East. . . Though the Company probably incurs less of this [jealousy] than the
political services do…

During the Soviet era, this huge nation was connected by an extensive flight network. However, for the most part these networks were highly centralized, like much of the infrastructure of the day. The only international flight you could take from…

Air routes, by contrast, can be established relatively quickly. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Asia, each of the five countries set up a flag carrier with several international destinations. What makes air infrastructure…

Air Kyrgyzstan's slate of destinations appears to be too modest for them to produce a route map. While Air Kyrgyzstan only flies to one Central Asian destination, Tashkent, Bishkek is well-served by the other countries' flag carriers with direct…