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A quick look at the people in key positions of oil companies in the Middle East from the late 1800s to the early 1970s results in the same image across the board: white, middle-aged, Anglo-Saxon. While the initiatives of many of these oil companies…

The images which was taken by Charles Schroeder depicts Iranian [? or local] workers in the backyard of Schroeder's house. It portrays the way in which the locals were seen as archaic and unsophisticated: they are having lunch on the dirt ground…

These houses which are designated for Senior European personnel were based on the 'bungalow' prototype which were set on large green lawns. They are typically surrounded by parks and gardens and each house was lined with English hedges. Unlike the…

The city of Bawarda was designed by James M. Wilson in 1926 and was inspired by Lutyens’s remodelling of the Garden City and City Beautiful ideas in New Delhi (1911–1940). Bawarda was an attempt at social and ethnic mixing and also offered larger…

The city of Bawarda was designed by James M. Wilson in 1926 and was inspired by Lutyens’s remodelling of the Garden City and City Beautiful ideas in New Delhi (1911–1940). Bawarda was an attempt at social and ethnic mixing and also offered larger…

"‘Since the War’, Wilson reported, ‘a very great and widespread spirit of Nationalism has been introduced and fostered throughout the Middle East. . . Though the Company probably incurs less of this [jealousy] than the
political services do…

This map of the city of Astrakhan' was produced by Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin and was included in the second volume (1774) of his work "Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drei Natur-Reiche."